National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

What characterizes a stage 3 pressure ulcer?

1. Partial-thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis

2. Non-blanchable erythema of intact skin with sensation change and discoloration

3. Full-thickness loss of skin with visible adipose tissue, undermining and tunneling

4. Full-thickness tissue loss with exposure of fascia, muscle, tendon, and bone

The correct answer is: Full-thickness loss of skin with visible adipose tissue, undermining and tunneling

A stage 3 pressure ulcer is characterized by full-thickness loss of skin that leads to the visibility of adipose (fat) tissue. In this stage, the wound depth can vary, but it does not extend through the underlying fascia; thus, deeper structures like muscle, tendon, or bone are not exposed. This stage may also present with undermining and tunneling, which refers to the formation of pockets within the wound that extend under the surrounding skin. Recognizing the full-thickness nature of a stage 3 ulcer is crucial for appropriate treatment and management. The other options represent different stages of pressure ulcers. For example, a partial-thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis reflects a stage 2 pressure ulcer, while non-blanchable erythema of intact skin corresponds to stage 1. A stage 4 ulcer exhibits full-thickness tissue loss with exposure of more severe structures, such as fascia, muscle, tendon, or bone. Understanding these distinctions is essential for assessing the severity of pressure ulcers and implementing effective care strategies.