National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

What does 4+ on the pitting edema scale indicate?

1. No pitting

2. A slight indentation that returns to normal after 30 seconds

3. A deep indentation that remains for more than 30 seconds

4. A negligible indentation

The correct answer is: A deep indentation that remains for more than 30 seconds

A rating of 4+ on the pitting edema scale indicates a deep indentation that remains for more than 30 seconds. This level of edema is the most severe category on the scale, reflecting significant fluid retention in the interstitial spaces. The sustained indentation demonstrates that there is a substantial accumulation of fluid, which the tissues are unable to disperse quickly. Understanding the pitting edema scale is crucial for clinicians, as it helps assess the severity of edema. A rating of 4+ suggests significant concern, often requiring further evaluation of the underlying causes, such as heart failure, kidney issues, or other systemic conditions. The persistent nature of the indentation indicates a considerable impact on the body's ability to manage and regulate fluid levels effectively.