National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

What is the most common complication of immobility in patients?

1. Pressure ulcers

2. Pneumonia

3. Deep vein thrombosis

4. Contractures

The correct answer is: Pressure ulcers

The most common complication of immobility in patients is pressure ulcers. These skin injuries occur when there is prolonged pressure on the skin, particularly over bony prominences. When a patient is immobile, they are unable to shift their weight or change positions frequently, which increases the risk of skin breakdown. When blood flow is restricted to certain areas due to pressure, the affected skin and underlying tissues can become ischemic. If this condition persists, it can lead to skin necrosis, resulting in pressure ulcers. Additionally, other factors such as moisture, friction, and shear forces can exacerbate the development of pressure ulcers in immobile patients. The prevention of these ulcers involves regular repositioning, maintaining skin hygiene, and using supportive surfaces to minimize pressure. While other complications like pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, and contractures are also significant concerns in immobile patients, pressure ulcers are the most common and prevalent.