National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

Which medication class is commonly used for managing congestive heart failure symptoms?

1. Antidepressants

2. Diuretics

3. Antibiotics

4. Analgesics

The correct answer is: Diuretics

Diuretics are commonly used in the management of congestive heart failure (CHF) symptoms primarily because they help reduce fluid overload in the body. In CHF, the heart's ability to pump blood is compromised, leading to fluid retention, which can cause symptoms such as swelling (edema) and shortness of breath. Diuretics work by promoting the kidneys to excrete more sodium and water, thereby decreasing the blood volume and reducing the strain on the heart. This alleviates symptoms of congestion, leading to improved functional capacity and quality of life for individuals with CHF. While other classes of medications may be utilized in a more comprehensive treatment plan for CHF, none are as specifically aimed at the immediate relief of fluid overload symptoms as diuretics. For instance, antidepressants, antibiotics, and analgesics do not address the underlying issues associated with CHF management directly. Instead, they serve different therapeutic purposes, focusing on mental health, infection control, and pain relief, respectively, rather than fluid management or cardiac function enhancement.